a spoonful

cŭmŭlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to form into a heap, to accumulate, heap, or pile up (class.).

In gen.

Prop. (mostly post-Aug.;

esp. in Curt. and Tac.): materiem,

Lucr. 1, 989:

nubila,

id. 6, 191; 6, 518:

stipites,

Curt. 6, 6:

harenas,

id. 5, 1, 30:

nivem,

id. 5, 4, 88:

arma in ingentem acervum,

Liv. 45, 33, 1:

pyram truncis nemorumque ruinā,

Stat. Th. 6, 85.—

Trop.:

benefacta,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 64:

omnia principatūs vocabula,

Tac. H. 2, 80:

honores in eam,

id. A. 13, 2:

tantum honorum atque opum in me cumulasti,

id. ib. 14, 53;

1, 21: propemodum saeculi res in illum unum diem fortuna cumulavit,

Curt. 4, 16, 10.—

With special access. ideas (class.).

To augment by heaping up, to increase, heap, amass, accumulate.

With abl.:

funus funere,

Lucr. 6, 1237 (cf. Liv. 26, 41, 8):

aes alienum usuris,

id. 2, 23, 6:

haec aliis nefariis cumulant atque adaugent,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 30; cf.:

alio scelere hoc scelus,

id. Cat. 1, 6, 14:

bellicam gloriam eloquentiā,

id. Off. 1, 32, 116.—

Without abl.:

invidiam,

Liv. 3, 12, 8:

injurias,

id. 3, 37, 3:

vitia,

Tac. Or. 28:

accesserunt quae cumularent religiones animis,

Liv. 42, 20, 5.—

To make full by heaping up, to fill full, fill, overload, etc.

Lit.

With abl.:

locum strage semiruti muri,

Liv. 32, 17, 10:

fossas corporibus,

Tac. H. 4, 20:

viscera Thyesteis mensis,

Ov. M. 15, 462:

cumulatae flore ministrae,

id. F. 4, 451:

altaria donis,

Verg. A. 11, 50; cf.:

aras honore, donis,

Liv. 8, 33, 21; Curt. 5, 1, 20; Val. Fl. 1, 204.—

Without abl.:

altos lacus fervida musta,

Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 72; cf.:

cumulata ligula salis cocti,

a full spoon, spoonful, Col. 2, 21, 2.—

Trop.

With abl.:

non possum non confiteri cumulari me maximo gaudio, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 1; cf.:

ponebas cumulatum aliquem plurimis voluptatibus,

id. Fin. 2, 19, 63: nunc meum cor cumulatur irā, Caecil. ap. Cic. Cael. 16, 37:

duplici dedecore cumulata domus,

Cic. Att. 12, 5, 1; cf.:

orator omni laude cumulatus,

id. de Or. 1, 26, 118:

tot honoribus cumulatus,

Tac. H. 3, 37:

hoc vitio cumulata est Graecorum natio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 18:

neque tot adversis cumulant,

overwhelm, Ov. Tr. 4, 1, 55.—

With ex: (summum bonum) cumulatur ex integritate corporis et ex mentis ratione perfecta, is made complete, perfect, = completus, absolvitur, Cic. Fin. 5, 14, 40. —

Absol.:

ad cumulandum gaudium (meum) conspectum mihi tuum defuisse,

in order to make my joy full, complete, Cic. Att. 4, 1, 2; cf. under P. a., B. a.—Hence, cŭmŭlātus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to II. A.) Increased, augmented:

eādem mensurā reddere quā acceperis aut etiam cumulatiore,

Cic. Brut. 4, 15:

gloria cumulatior,

Liv. 2, 47, 11; cf. id. 4, 60, 2.—

(Acc. to II. B.) Filled full, full, complete, perfect.

Absol.:

tantum accessit ad amorem, ut mirarer locum fuisse augendi in eo, quod mihi jam pridem cumulatum etiam videbatur,

Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5:

hoc sentire et facere perfectae cumulataeque virtutis (est),

id. Sest. 40, 86.— Poet.:

veniam... cumulatam morte remittam, i. e. cumulate referam,

shall abundantly reward, Verg. A. 4, 436.—

With gen.: ineptitudinis cumulatus, Caecil. ap. Non. p. 128, 15:

scelerum cumulatissime,

Plaut. Aul. 5, 16.— Adv.: cŭmŭ-lātē, in rich abundance, abundantly, copiously (freq. in Cic.;

elsewh. very rare),

Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 42; id. Div. 2, 1, 3; id. Att. 6, 3, 3 al.— Comp., Cic. Or. 17, 54.— Sup., Cic. Fam. 5, 11, 1; 10, 29 init.

lĭgŭla and lingŭla (v. infra), ae, f. dim. [from lingua:

quamvis me ligulam dicant Equitesque Patresque, Dicor ab indoctis lingula grammaticis,

Mart. 14, 120 ], a little tongue; hence, transf.

A tongue of land:

oppida posita in extremis lingulis promontoriisque,

Caes. B. G. 3, 12.—

The tongue of a shoe, a shoe-strap, shoe-latchet: lingula per diminutionem linguae dicta; alias a similitudine linguae exsertae, ut in calceis, alias insertae, id est intra dentes coërcitae, ut in tibiis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.:

habet Trebius, propter quod rumpere somnum debeat et ligulas dimittere,

Juv. 5, 20; Mart. 2, 29, 7.—As a term of reproach:

ligula, i in malam crucem,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 30.—

A spoon or ladle for skimming a pot, a skimmer:

isque (musteus fructus) saepius ligula purgandus est,

Col. 9, 5 fin. —For taking out and dropping aromatic essences:

inde lingulis eligunt florem,

Plin. 21, 14, 49, § 84.—For preserves, Cato, R. R. 84.—

As a measure, a spoonful:

duarum aut trium lingularum mensura,

Plin. 20, 5, 18, § 36.—

A small sword, Naev. ap. Gell. 10, 25, 3; ct. Varr. L. L. 7, § 107 Müll.—

The tongue or reed of a flute, Plin. 16, 36, 66, § 171; cf. under II. the passage cited from Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll.—

The pointed end of a post or stake, which was inserted into something, a tongue, tenon:

lingulae edolatae,

Col. 8, 11, 4.—

The short arm of a lever, which is placed under the weight to be raised:

si sub onus vectis lingula subjecta fuerit,

Vitr. 10, 8.—

The tongueshaped extremity of a water-pipe, by which it is fitted into another, Vitr. 8, 7.—

The tongue of a scale-beam: examen est ligula et lignum, quod mediam hastam ad pondera adaequanda tenet, Schol. ad Pers. 1, 6.—

A tongue-shaped member of the cuttle-fish:

loliginum ligulas,

App. Mag. p. 297, 5.

lingua (ante-class. form dingua, like dagrima for lacrima, Mar. Victorin. p. 2457 and 2470 P.; cf. the letter D), ae, f. [Sanscr. jihvā; original Lat. form. dingua; A. -S. tunga; Germ. Zunge; Engl. tongue. Not from the root lih, lich, v. lingo], the tongue.

Lit.:

fac proserpentem bestiam me duplicem ut habeam linguam (of a kiss in which the tongues touched each other),

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 105:

lingua haeret metu,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 7:

in ore sita lingua est, finita dentibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149:

linguā haesitantes,

id. de Or. 1, 25, 115:

linguā properanti legere,

Ov. P. 3, 5, 9:

linguā titubante loqui,

id. Tr. 3, 1, 21:

quo facilius verba ore libero exprimeret, calculos lingua volvens dicere domi solebat (Demosthenes),

Quint. 11, 3, 54: linguam exserere, to thrust out the tongue, in token of derision or contempt, Liv. 7, 10: so,

lingua ejecta,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266:

lingua minor,

the epiglottis, Plin. 11, 37, 66, § 175.—Comically, as mock term of endearment:

hujus voluptas, te opsecro, hujus mel, hujus cor, hujus labellum, hujus lingua,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 178; cf. v. 175.—In mal. part.: homo malae linguae, a fellow with a bad tongue, i. q. fellator, Mart. 3, 80, 2; Min. Fel. Oct. 28.—

Transf.

Since the tongue is an organ of speech, a tongue, utterance, speech, language:

largus opum, lingua melior,

Verg. A. 11, 338:

facilem benevolumque lingua tua jam tibi me reddidit,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 35:

non tu tibi istam praetruncari linguam largiloquam jubes?

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 47:

Latium beare divite linguā,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:

lingua quasi flabello seditionis contionem ventilare,

Cic. Fl. 23, 54:

linguam continere,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13:

tenere,

Ov. F. 2, 602:

moderari,

Sall. J. 84:

linguae solutio,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114:

linguam solvere ad jurgia,

Ov. M. 3, 261:

quidam operarii linguā celeri et exercitatā,

Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 83:

ut vitemus linguas hominum,

id. Fam. 9, 2, 2:

Aetolorum linguas retundere,

to check their tongues, bring them to silence, Liv. 33, 3; cf.:

claudente noxarum conscientiā linguam,

Amm. 16, 12, 61:

si mihi lingua foret,

Ov. H. 21, 205:

ne vati noceat mala lingua futuro,

Verg. E. 7, 28: favete linguis, i. e. give attention, " be silent that you may hear," Hor. C. 3, 1, 2; Ov. F. 1, 71:

linguis animisque faventes,

Juv. 12, 83:

nam lingua mali pars pessima servi,

id. 9, 121:

mercedem imponere linguae,

i. e. to speak for pay, id. 7, 149:

usum linguae reciperare,

Amm. 17, 12, 10:

linguā debili esse,

to stammer, Gell. 1, 12, 2.—Comically: os habeat, linguam, perfidiam, tongue, i. e. readiness in speech, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 33. —

The tongue or language of a people:

lingua Latina, Graeca,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

Graeca et Latina lingua,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6:

(Massilia) tam procul a Graecorum regionibus, disciplinis linguāque divisa,

Cic. Fl. 26, 63:

quod quidem Latina lingua sic observat, ut, etc.,

id. Or. 44, 150:

Gallicae linguae scientiam habere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 47:

qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli, appellantur,

id. ib. 1, 1:

dissimili linguā,

Sall. C. 6, 2:

linguā utrāque,

i. e. Greek and Latin, Hor. S. 1, 10, 23; so, auctores utriusque linguae, Quint. prooem. 1;

1, 1, 14: Mithridates, cui duas et viginti linguas notas fuisse,

id. 11, 2, 50:

haud rudis Graecae linguae,

Curt. 5, 11, 4; 5, 4, 4; Nep. Milt. 3, 2:

Syrus in Tiberim Orontes et linguam et mores vexit,

Juv. 3, 63.—

Dialect, idiom, mode of speech (post-Aug.): illis non verborum modo, sed. linguarum etiam se inter differentium copia est. Quint. 12, 10, 34:

Crassus quinque Graeci sermonis differentias sic tenuit, ut, qua quisque apud eum linguā postulasset, eadem jus sibi redditum ferret,

id. 11, 2, 50:

utar enim historicā linguā,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 13, 3:

si philosophorum linguā uti voluissem,

id. ib. 2, 2, 4.—

Poet. of animals. the voice, note, song, bark, etc.:

linguae volucrum,

Verg. A. 3, 361; 10, 177:

linguam praecludere (canis),

Phaedr. 1, 22, 5.—

An utterance, expression:

lingua secretior,

a dark saying, Quint. 1, 1, 35.—

Of tongue-shaped things.

A plant, also called lingulaca, Plin. 24, 19, 108, § 170.—

Lingua bubula, a plant, oxtongue, bugloss, Cato, R. R. 40; Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 112.—

Lingua canina, Cels. 5, 27, 18 init.;

and lingua canis,

App. Herb. 96, the plant hound's-tongue, also called cynoglossos; q. v.—

A tongue of land: id promontorium, Cujus lingua in altum proicit, Pac. ap. Gell. 4, 17 fin.:

lingua in altum mille passuum excurrens,

Liv. 37, 31, 9; Weissenb. ad Liv. 25, 15, 12:

eminet in altum lingua, in qua urbs sita est,

Liv. 44, 11:

tenuem producit in aequora linguam,

Luc. 2, 614; cf.: lingua dicitur promontorii genus non excellentis sed molliter in planum devexi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—

A spoonful, as a measure, Plin. 26, 11, 73, § 119 (al. lingulis).—

The tongue or reed of a flute, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 84.—

The short arm of a lever:

vectis lingua sub onus subdita,

Vitr. 10, 8 (cf. ligula, VII.).